My Broken Fiat
  • Blog
  • About / Contact Me
    • My 'Reversion'
    • Why "MyBrokenFiat?"
  • The Archive
  • Prayers
  • Blog
  • About / Contact Me
    • My 'Reversion'
    • Why "MyBrokenFiat?"
  • The Archive
  • Prayers

Tattoo Taboo

7/20/2012

30 Comments

 
***WARNING:  Some images will offend folks.  I apologize in advance.  Also, my views are STRICTLY my opinions and might not perfectly reflect those of Judaism / Catholicism - I'm still working on that.  I admit that this particular topic is a little hazy for me, and I welcome anyone who wishes to comment or redirect my read on it.  Just trying to get a conversation going - not supporting or condemning one way or the other.  Thanks!!!***
Picture
So an interesting comment popped up on my Newsfeed this morning.  A young woman expressed exasperation at a Jehovah's Witness who basically condemned her to hell for her tattoos.

I jumped the gun a bit (having been "condemned" myself, this morning - I was on an indignant roll) and responded that tattooing was, in fact, in the Bible, and tattooing happens to be part of MANY religious practices all over the world.

Just because Mr. Door-Preacher interprets the Bible as a condemnation of everyone's soul does not, in fact, mean that the rest of the world does.  It also most certainly doesn't mean that God does.

Anywho, I figured this would be a good topic to bring up since so many people seem to be confused about the "sin-potential" of tattooing and what the Bible actually says about it.  I am, a bit, too, so open dialogue is always a plus. 

Disclaimer:  I've always wanted a tattoo.  I've never gotten one, but I've always been intrigued by some of the more beautiful body art I've seen.  Some artwork truly is beautiful, and I admit wanting a piece of the action for myself.

That being said, I've always refrained because of the stigma attached to them.  I never - EVER - wanted my kids to utilize my tattoos as a means for their own questionable activities.  I also never wanted to give them reason to think poorly of me (as I'm sure I can handle that on my own without the aid of taboos). 

Anyway, my desire for tattooing is what led me to research the Biblical history of tattoos.  I figured if I ever did get one, I'd want to make sure it was permissible so I'd have evidence to back myself up when folks would inevitably start raining hellfire on me.

So if you're wondering why I'd ever know any of this, my own selfishness is why.  Ha!

So - onwards with the discussion!


Picture
First things first.  What does the Bible actually have to say about tattoos?

Leviticus 19:28: "Do not cut your bodies for the dead or put tattoo marks on yourselves. I am the Lord."

This is typically the number one quote used by those who want to condemn tattooed folks to hell.  However, this is like using a microscope to view a sunset.

When you only see a tiny part of the picture, you neglect to realize that there's a whole lot more to see.  Until you remove the microscope and view the image in its fullness, you can't claim to pass judgement on the various colors, silhouettes, and cloud layers that work in tandem to create that sunset.

So, let's zoom out a bit and put some context to that particular quote.

Leviticus 19:26-31 deals with temple laws.  You see, now that the Jews had to rely on Levitical priests to sacrifice and commune with God (instead of all the male heads of households before the Golden Calf incident), they were forced to create a gathering space in which these Levites could carry out the work of God.  In developing their religious culture to match the punishment doled out by Divine Justice, a temple needed to be constructed which would serve as a central place for worship / sacrifice.  This was the first time in Jewish history that they'd need a temple just like all the other pagan religions that were being practiced. 

Because of this, God foresaw the very real possibility of the Israelites slipping back into their "Let's do what everyone else is doing!" habits.  As such, He made provisions in the Law to ensure that His people would not be led astray by pagan customs.

The prohibitions in Lev 19: 26-31 ALL deal with prohibitions against pagan practices.  God didn't want His people to slip into the idolatry of the surrounding nations because they were supposed to be set apart.  Israel was MEANT to stand-out as different because their example of holiness (if practiced accordingly) would attract the pagan nations away from their sinfulness and towards God.

So, now that we know that, we need to figure out exactly what that aforementioned verse 28 really stated.


Picture
Leviticus 19:28: "Do not cut your bodies for the dead or put tattoo marks on yourselves. I am the Lord."

Alrighty - so understanding that these are based on the pagan religious practices of their respective temples, God is specifically saying, "Don't make yourselves LOOK like pagans."

It was typical of pagans to mutilate themselves as part of the grieving process.  Also, the tattoos of some pagan cultures wasn't the colorful ink we think of when we hear the word tattoo.  That sort of tattoo was reserved for the wealthy because they could afford ink and such.  Others, however, had their skin seared in a pattern that became raised as the skin healed into a scar.  It would've looked something like this:


Picture
I tried to make this small so as not to gross anyone out. Sorry if that didn't work.
So that's where the prohibition against tattoos originally came from.  HOWEVER, there's an interesting line in Ezekiel that clouds the issue a bit.

"And the LORD said unto him, Go through the midst of the city, through the midst of Jerusalem, and set a mark upon the foreheads of the men that sigh and that cry for all the abominations that be done in the midst thereof
."
  (Ez. 9:4)

Hey now wait a minute!  I thought God doesn't want us tattooing ourselves!

Well, before you bust out your needles, again, let's pull away from the microscope and view the panoramic shot in full.

God was commanding the prophet to go through the Holy Land and mark those who are innocent of sin against the Lord.  Those without this special marking upon their forehead were punished by Divine Justice.  Those marked with the sign of "taw" (a letter of the Hebrew alphabet meaning "truth") escaped the wrath of God. 

***Interestingly, this letter is translated to "T" using our alphabet... a symbol of the Cross of Christ.  Another interesting thing that makes me giddy is that the Arabic version of the Hebrew taw is what looks to be a smilie face.  Ha ha!***


Anyway, God's not talking about marking folks with tattoos.  He just wanted to make sure His harbinger of justice could easily discern who needed to be slain and who didn't.  So it's not like this was a permanent mark.  Not to make light of a truly horrible situation, but my guess is the man with the linen cloth had something akin to a Sharpie.  The mark definitely stood out, but it could be scrubbed away after a period of time (that period lasting through the close of slaughter).
PictureCredit: Catholic Caveman
Whew!  Now that we covered all of that, we can get into the nitty gritty.

Are tattoos allowed, or aren't they?

According to most Jewish scholars, the answer is "No."  Thus, if the Jews held that tattoos are a no-no, Christians would hold the same principle to be true (expounded upon in many of the epistles with the theme of our bodies being Temples of the Spirit).


However, does that mean to get one would be a sure-ticket to hell?

No.  To my knowledge there's only one sin that is a sure-ticket to hell, and that's the sin against the Holy Spirit (refusing to trust that His Mercy is greater than your guilt).  Granted, I don't claim to know the Mind of the Lord, but there's a difference between getting a tattoo of Zeus on your arm in the hopes that it brings you power and getting a tattoo of a butterfly after surviving breast cancer, ya know?

Plus, with these particular "little laws" of Leviticus, they really do have a substantial amount of social influence.  As such, we need to understand that times have changed and these principles (not dogmatic in nature) are free to be interpreted differently at different times (which is why Jewish women pierce their ears even though that's technically forbidden in the same verse that forbids tattooing). 

So is tattooing going to send you straight to hell?  No.  Could it possibly open the door to idolatrous actions that have you sliding down the slippery slope?  Definitely - but so could that bag of Funions I'm currently eying.  If I pop that baby open, I'm likely to go all sorts of gluttonous. 

We are tasked with moderation and keeping our consciences clear before the Lord.  He gave us a body with which to love and praise Him with.  If you'd like to show Him honor by keeping a tattoo of His Mother over your heart, I certainly won't be condemning you for it.  If you wish to praise Him by tattooing His Word on your hand so you keep it ever in-mind, far be it from me to prepare a seat in hell for you.

However, I can't see myself getting one simply because I don't feel doing those things would be beneficial to my spiritual life.  I also tend to play it safe when it comes to Scripture.  Ha ha ha.

Moral of the story:  You cannot condemn a person for getting a tattoo.  Unless your name is Jesus Christ, Son of the Most High God, keep your mouth shut in judgement of another's soul.  When in doubt, just offer a prayer to the Lord for their purity of heart.


So, anyone else have thoughts on this?

***Large uptick in visitors after dinner.  Please let me know who is directing traffic my way.  Thanks!  Also, please keep the language clean and the discourse civil.  I don't want to be deleting / editing commentary all night.***



30 Comments
Skylar
7/20/2012 12:07:19 pm

Found this through a TnT thread on TPH. I had no idea about half of this, but I've definitely been told I'm going to hell plenty.

I don't care what your god tells me about tattoos or personal body modifications. I don't care what your books tell me. But it's good to have this sort of knowledge on hand when you've got those door salesmen peddling their hellfire.

Thanks for being honest and showing those of us who prefer artistic expressions a different side of religion because for the most part, we think you're crazy!

Reply
Gina
7/20/2012 12:28:44 pm

Hi Skylar. Thanks for letting me know where you came from, but I have no idea what a TnT thread is. I also have no idea what "TPH" stands for. My apologies!

I get that you don't really care what God says about these things. I'm not asking you to. However, there are those out there who would like to know, and this is as good a place to start as any.

Regardless, I wish you well. I'm glad you feel as though you gained something from stopping by today. Blessings.

Reply
Natalie
7/20/2012 12:07:58 pm

Tattoos. Wow. You really do cover everything.

Reply
Gina
7/20/2012 12:58:56 pm

Tattoos, animal sacrifice and my personal marital life... who knew people would be so entertained by them?

Ha ha ha!

Reply
Kristen
7/20/2012 12:09:53 pm

So I'm still confused. Are they sinful or aren't they sinful?

Reply
Kristen
7/20/2012 12:10:32 pm

I've got three. Ankle, lower back and neck.

Reply
Gina
7/20/2012 12:33:14 pm

Hey Kristen,

I apologize. The point of the entry was that we can't really judge the intentions of the person getting the tattoos. The Bible forbids tattoos in Leviticus, but it also forbids us condemning one another. Ha ha ha.

So I'm not going to tell you that you're going to hell for your three tattoos. No one else should, either. *Grin*

Dom
7/20/2012 12:13:15 pm

(blush) I have two tattoos, neither of which are religious, but both of which have deep meaning for me. I got them while I was away from the Church, but I'm not sorry I got them - the first is a starflower on my left shoulder so that I always have at least one flower, even in the dead of the near-six months of Canadian winter, and the second is the Sanskrit word for light, in the middle of my back, so that I'll never be completely surrounded by darkness. Can you tell I have issues with depression? :)

Reply
Gina
7/20/2012 01:00:13 pm

I had to look up starflower.

And you've got a Guardian Angel with you at all times. You could never be completely surrounded by darkness. <3

Reply
Kelli
7/20/2012 12:17:06 pm

Yeah - I'm still not clear on that whole sinful not sinful thing. But does it really matter? Weren't those laws tossed away with the NT?

Reply
Gina
7/20/2012 12:36:01 pm

Going against the command of God is sinful, yes. However, if you're specifically asking about where the sin falls in regards to mortal vs. venial, you're outta luck from me. I can't gauge that because I'm not God. Ha ha ha.

As for the "old" being tossed with the New Testament, that's not exactly true. I might do another entry on that one day, but suffice to say Christ came to fulfill, not banish, the Old Testament.

He upheld the Law - He didn't destroy it. He didn't overturn it.

Reply
Davit
7/20/2012 12:18:36 pm

Who cares what you people say about tattoos? We'll keep making art and you'll keep praying to unicorns in the sky.

Reply
Gina
7/20/2012 12:37:53 pm

I'm gonna go ahead and assume that you followed Skylar and Kristen here from TNP, but instead of reading the article, you read the commentary on the thread over there and decided that instead of entering into an intelligent conversation, you'd troll instead.

Consider yourself successful. No intelligence, but a 10 on the Troll Scale.

Reply
Gina
7/20/2012 12:42:27 pm

TPH, sorry - and could someone please tell me what that is?

JB
7/20/2012 12:50:17 pm

What you're saying is that the Bible says it's wrong, but because it doesn't state how wrong it is, we shouldn't tell others they're going to hell because of it?

I think that's a smart way of looking at it. I also find your explanation insightful - even if I think religion is a little out there sometimes.

Reply
JB again
7/20/2012 12:51:40 pm

This might even make my mother and grandmother feel better about my sleeves. If not better, then at least get them off my back with the whole brimstone bull.

Reply
Gina
7/20/2012 01:27:14 pm

Yes, exactly that, JB. And thank you.

A fair assessment is all I can ask - even if you DO think religion is "out there" sometimes. :)

Reply
Margo
7/20/2012 01:06:18 pm

Why is it OK to cut off the tip of your penis but not get a tattoo? Why is it okay to pierce your ears but not get a tattoo? Why is it okay to rape a slave, but not get at tattoo? Why is it okay to take on mistresses and kill animals and sell your daughters into slavery, but you draw the line at tattoos?

Reply
Gina
7/20/2012 01:23:41 pm

Circumcision is not the tip of your penis.

I'm not judging if piercing the ears is right by Bible standards.

I'm pretty sure rape is never okay.

Mistresses are NOT what you think they are.

Animal sacrifice is different from senseless animal killing. But I wouldn't expect you to stick around for clarification.

Slavery is also not what you think it is by Biblical standards.

I'm not the one drawing lines regarding tattoos. I'm presenting information that you are expected to take and digest on your own.

Reply
Katherine link
7/20/2012 02:16:02 pm

Personally I don't care for tattoos and I don't understand why anyone would want them. That said though, the fact a person might have one or a few doesn't phase me and I don't think it is anything that will necessarily send a person to hell. I think the motivation counts for a great deal and an outsider can't know what that is. If it is vanity, the sin is the vanity, not the tattoo. If it is like a personal high to keep getting them until it wears off and then needing another, there are certainly bigger problems to consider. But I can also imagine someone tattooing something in memorial of someone and I don't see how there can be anything wrong with that. So I really think it depends. In terms of Leviticus, I'd be curious why theologians say God was against it and if it had anything to do with the way it was done back then or why it was done. I mean, if tattooing was something done by the followers of Baal, it might have been more to prevent scandal of idolatry or something and have nothing to do with actual tattooing.

I do confess I am a bit weary of people who tattoo all over because whereas I can think of reasons someone might get one or even a few tattoos, I can't think of a good reason to cover the entire body in ink. But, that's me.

Reply
DivaHick
7/20/2012 03:17:06 pm

OK- I'm not sure on the whole tattoo thing, we also don't know what the tattoos were that were outlawed. But for the sake of "Oh wouldn't it be cool" that tattoos aren't going to send you straight to hell, do not pass purgatory, do not collect 200 indulgences- wouldn't it be awesome to get a scapular tattoo?

Reply
Gina
7/20/2012 03:19:36 pm

Ha ha - here's the post on it (about halfway down):

http://catholic-caveman.blogspot.com/2011_09_01_archive.html

I would imagine that'd be pretty awesome. He did admit it hurt a lot, though. LoL.

Reply
Martha
7/21/2012 04:01:52 am

I know most of my religious friends think it's a bit...funny...that I have a love for body art. But for some reason, tattoos are for a me a very real way of expressing what is eternal to me: my faith.

I got both of my tattoos before I came into the Church, when I was a lukewarm Christian. But I got them because even in my lonely wanderings, I knew He was real - and I wanted to never be able to erase that. And also, for someone who took her body too lightly and gave it away to many who didn't really care for or respect her, my tattoos were a way of having something to only show to my husband - something I could be assured no one else had seen or knew. It sounds silly, but it comforted me.
When we finally got married and my husband discovered I had tattoos, it was such a shock to him - but he loved them.

I figure that because tattoos are permanent, there's no sense in judging someone who has them - maybe they got them for good reasons and love them still, maybe they got them when they were a different person and can't go back now. Might as well take people as they are - ain't no other way to take 'em, only other choice is to leave 'em.

Reply
Gina
7/25/2012 06:35:47 am

That's gotta be the most unique reason for a tattoo I've ever heard. :) Thank you so much for sharing. Blessings to you!

Reply
Betsy
10/29/2012 02:09:05 pm

Thanks for this post. I know it was a while ago but I just now found it. I'm planning on getting a rosebud with JMJ underneath on my upper right arm. The rosebud is symbolic of my vocation to religious life and the picture has a whole is a reminder to me that said vocation belongs to the Holy Family and not to myself. I've not told many people because I've never really been able to explain the fact that I honestly feel like God is calling me to do this so I won't forget the event that made the rosebud important to my life. I now feel like I have a good way to refute the anti-tattoo argument in a concrete way.

Reply
Megan
6/12/2013 04:05:59 pm

I like when I stalk your blog. I always find interesting things, and I hear your voice in my head as I read each word.

All I have to say (and this is with an hint of jest) God gave me this body, and God gave me Free Will. I dont think He would be mad at me as long as I am a good person and follow His will.... even though I am what you call a "cafeteria Catholic" (SMH)

Reply
Gina
6/13/2013 10:12:05 am

Glad you stopped by, Meg! :)

I hope you realize in reading this that I agree with your last statement. Regardless of you being a Cafeteria Catholic or not, if your intentions are good, I doubt God's gonna send you to hell for having a tattoo.

In my mind, that's sorta like supporting a fellow child of God in recognizing their incredible artistic talents. LoL.

Reply
Anonymous
4/8/2016 04:06:25 pm

People think they know how to honor God, but we fall so short. A great example is the photo of the woman with a rosary tattooed on her foot. A rosary is not useful as a decoration to just wear and look at, it is to be used for prayer. Next - I'm positive this woman did not mean it disrespectfully, but in the middle eastern and all eastern cultures, putting something holy on the foot would be the utmost disrespect!! Yes, that's Jesus' culture, too. And tattooing an image of his mother, she doesn't require or even want that you mutilate your body for her to "honor" her - she wants you to obey her son and grow as a Christian. I would never have understood this earlier - back when I myself got tattoos and piercings. But now I do, and I do regret my short-sightedness. Even if the Lord knows I didn't mean offense, in my ignorance, I did something that did nothing to honor Him and only damaged the original glory of His own work. It was like a child scribbling all over the wall hoping to please their Father with their "decorations", which in fact do not improve what He has created. I suspect it is always a desire to serve the self rather than God, even when supposedly done to honor God or to bolster our own faith, even if we don't realize it, if the denial is just too deep. What looks beautiful to us can be viewed very differently by God. I don't think we'll be condemned for it, but....let's not pretend that God praised people for getting tattoos, or remained silent, when the only thing in there is against it. Even in this article, the author says one reason might be to keep the Jews form running off and doing everything everyone else was doing - and yet, is that not what most Christians are doing when they get tattoos? It is 100% because of the popularity of tattoos nowadays - if it weren't so prevalent in the culture, the inspiration to do so wouldn't be there for most. I understand the love for tattoos and seeing the as beautiful and meaningful. But I also think God sees things differently - though he does also understand us, in ways we can't understand Him.

Reply
Laura
9/14/2016 09:18:57 pm

Just came across your blog, and find it oh-so-interesting! As an RC attending a non-denominational seminary for a multitude of reasons, I face unwarranted comments and opinions quite a bit when people at my parish learn where I study and work. Tattoos and yoga seem to be something that people boast strong opinions on (whether they are or aren't inked or do yoga). I have been told that tattoos are wrong (from someone who I know is a practicing alcohol and is doing far more damage to their body on a daily and ongoing basis). I was also told by a Catholic yoga instructor "Well, you DO know what they say about tattoos." To which I smiled, winked and responded, "Well, you DO know what they say about yoga." To each his own in these regards. There are far more important issues for people to be concerned with. Loving what I read!

Reply
Marjorie
2/24/2021 10:58:10 am

I do not know if anyone has studied the exquisite Chi Rho page in the "Book of Kells" or any of the magnificent Chi Rho pages in other illuminated manuscripts. These manuscripts were written on vellum, which was fabricated either from calf or lamb/sheep skin. The "Book of Kells" Chi Rho page is exquisite in its use of gold, green and blue as well as other decorations. When studying the page with its many intricate figures, I could not help but think about the monk, spending hours and days scribing the page - lovingly decorating the skin with iconography representative of Jesus - it struck me that in this manner, Middle Age liturgical manuscripts were created in the fashion as tattoos. During the MA, the Chi Rho symbol was a "living" symbol of Christ and books were created by using man-made dyes etched on to vellum.

Reply



Leave a Reply.

    Top Rated Entries

    My Darkest Secret

    Do Animals Have Souls?

    10 Things a Parent of an SPD Kid Wants to Say

    Fun and Easy Lenten Crafts

    Tattoo Taboo

    Blessed Mother as Intercessor

    Loss of Life

    Women Priests II

    Animal Sacrifices

    Render Unto Caesar

    Veiling

    The Godparent Poem

    Broken Friendships

    Miscarriage Reflection

    NYT Anti-Catholic Ad

    Categories

    All
    180
    Abortion
    Adoption
    Adoration
    Adultery
    Agnosticism
    Angels
    Animals
    Annulment
    Apparitions
    Art
    Atheism
    Bahamas
    Baptism
    Blessed Mother
    Blessed-mother
    Blogging
    Books
    Boycott
    Breastfeeding
    Bullying
    Cafeteria Catholic
    Cafeteria Catholics
    Cats
    Ccd
    Celibacy
    Chaput
    Children
    Christmas
    Churches
    Confession
    Conscience
    Contests
    Contraception
    Cookies
    Corapi
    Crafts
    Creation
    Cross
    Defense Of Faith
    Depression
    Divine Mercy
    Divine Providence
    Divine-providence
    Divorce
    Dolan
    Donation
    Dreams
    Easter
    Education
    Eucharist
    Euthanasia
    Evangelization
    Family
    Feasts
    Food
    Forgiveness
    Free Will
    Friendship
    Fun
    Gaza
    Guest Post
    Hat Tip
    Health Care
    Heaven
    Hebrew
    Hhs
    Holy Week
    Homeschooling
    Homily
    Homosexuality
    Illumination
    Incarnation
    Incorruptibles
    Indulgences
    Infertility
    Inspiration
    Intentions
    Intercession
    Intercessions
    Interview
    Islam
    Jewelry
    Kidney
    Komen
    Language
    Lawsuit
    Lbm
    Lent
    Lightbulb Moments
    Liturgy
    Mandate
    Marriage
    Martyrs
    Mass
    Media
    Medjugorje
    Mercy
    Mexico
    Miracles
    Miscarriage
    Moderation
    Moses
    Motherhood
    Music
    Myla
    Nuns
    Old Testament
    Parenting
    Parishes
    Pedophilia
    Pentecost
    Persecution
    Personal
    Philadelphia
    Philly
    Pilgrimage
    Planned Parenthood
    Poetry
    Politics
    Poll
    Pope
    Prayer
    Pregnancy
    Priests
    Prophecy
    Propoganda
    Purgatory
    Question Box
    Quick Takes
    Random
    Recipes
    Reflections
    Relics
    Religious Freedom
    Reviews
    Ridiculous
    Rosary
    Sacrament
    Sacrifice
    Saint
    Saints
    Scandal
    School
    Science
    Seed
    Sewing
    Sexuality
    Sin
    Social Issues
    Social Issues
    SPD
    Spiritual Dryness
    St Anthonybd986ec1d5
    Steubenville
    Suffering
    Tattoos
    Terrorism
    TLM
    Triduum
    Trinity
    Trust
    Twa
    Vatican
    Veiling
    Veils
    Vincent
    Visionaries
    Wedding
    Women Priests

    Pages I Stalk

    A Woman's Place
    Dymphna's Road
    Having Left the Altar
    Fr. Z @ WDTPRS
    Spirit Daily
    These Stone Walls
    St. Joseph's Vanguard
    Catholic Sistas
    Catholic Icing
    Liturgical Time
    Traditional Latin Mass
    Shameless Popery
    Life Victorious
    Catholic Dads
    S'aint Easy
    Truth, Beauty and Goodness
    The Way Out There
    Written by the Finger of 
       God
    Little Catholic Bubble
    So You're a Church Musician
    There and Back Again
    Make It - Love It
    St. Monica's Bridge
    Seeking Renewal 
    Picture

    Archives

    June 2017
    May 2017
    April 2017
    February 2017
    August 2016
    July 2016
    June 2016
    March 2016
    February 2016
    January 2016
    December 2015
    September 2015
    August 2015
    July 2015
    June 2015
    May 2015
    April 2015
    March 2015
    February 2015
    January 2015
    December 2014
    November 2014
    October 2014
    September 2014
    August 2014
    July 2014
    June 2014
    May 2014
    April 2014
    March 2014
    February 2014
    January 2014
    December 2013
    November 2013
    October 2013
    September 2013
    August 2013
    July 2013
    June 2013
    May 2013
    April 2013
    March 2013
    February 2013
    January 2013
    December 2012
    November 2012
    October 2012
    September 2012
    August 2012
    July 2012
    June 2012
    May 2012
    April 2012
    March 2012
    February 2012
    January 2012
    December 2011
    November 2011
    October 2011
    September 2011
    August 2011
    July 2011
    June 2011
    December 2010
    October 2010
    October 2005

    RSS Feed

Copyright 2021